A Mobile ad Hoc Network is a collection of nodes which is an infrastructure less network and hence can be easily established and deployed instantly. In addition to their normal operation, all the nodes in this kind of network act as routers as well. Because of the mobility and dynamic nature of the network, all the nodes are free to move randomly and hence topology of a MANET changes very frequently. This invites the complexity of routing the packets from source to destination. In this paper we discuss about the various challenges and issues regarding the trust value or scheme in the mobile ad-hoc network and also present the survey for the trust scheme in network.

The performance of intrusion detection system depends on classification of unknown types of attacks. The detection of unknown types of attack is very difficult due to large number of attribute and huge amount of network data. For the improvement of unknown attack feature reduction is important area of research. In this paper we discuss about the intrusion detection system, here we proposed a new model for this system and compare with the other existing techniques and model then we found that our proposed model is best for the generation of performance parameter and improve the efficiency and accuracy rate. Here we used the classification techniques such as feed forward neural network and support vector machines for the classification of data and the selection of best optimal features.

Energy-efficient and secure wireless communications have recently earned tremendous interests due to economic, environmental, military and many other concerns. Cognitive radio technology has been identified as an extraordinary tool to improve the energy efficiency of wireless networks. Cognitive techniques mainly include spectrum sharing, spectrum sensing and dynamic spectrum access, which are beneficial for the network performance of spectral efficiency, network security and energy efficiency. In this paper we investigate a survey for the physical layer security and energy efficiency in the cognitive radio and wireless sensor networks.

The management of ADHOC network is great challenge due to dynamic infrastructure and mobility of node. Due to mobility of node routing path of network and security of communication suffered. In the process of node mobility and path discovery of routing protocol take huge amount of power and decrease the life of network. For the improvement of power and secured communication various protocol are designed but all are limitation in terms of group communication in ADHOC network. In this paper modified the Dynamic source Routing protocol for the stability and improve the performance of ad-hoc network. Our proposed modified scheme dynamic source routing protocol simulate in network simulator-2 tool. In simulation process we used 10, 20, 30 and 50 nodes.

In cognitive radio ad-hoc network, each CR observes different channel availability according to the primary user’s activity. However, traditional ad-hoc network (such as MANET or WSN) usually operates on predefined channel, which remains unchanged with time In other word, cognitive radio ad-hoc network needs to consider the PU transmission to avoid any interference with the licensed user, which is entirely missing in traditional ad-hoc networks. The QoS of end-to-end routing in cognitive radio ad-hoc network depends on traffic load, number of potential channels in the route, the number of spectrum change events induced by PU, consideration of periodic spectrum sensing functions etc. In this paper we proposed a secure and enhanced model for the better end to end quality of services for the cognitive radio wireless sensor network, here our experimental comparative results shows that the our proposed methods gives better results than the existing techniques.

An image can be defined as a frame describing in detail a sample surface. The spatial detail is given by pixels and, in the simplest representation; every pixel is defined by a numerical value. This is the principle of greyscale images, whereby a pixel is defined by a value of gray colour intensity. Such a definition of single image allows a large diversity of image combinations to be recognized as image fusion scenarios. The most straightforward idea linked to image fusion would be the combination of several images coming either from the same analytical platform or from images recorded on the same sample by different analytical platforms. In this dissertation we discussed about the region based image fusion techniques, which are comparatively evaluate the performance for the both approach previous approach and the proposed approach, all the performance parameters are measured by the both approach and here we found that the our proposed approach gives better results than the previous approach.

Soil is very important in civil engineering constructions. The poor engineering properties of the local soils may present many difficulties for construction and therefore need to improve their engineering properties. Stabilization techniques can be used to improve the properties of soil. Soil stabilization improves various engineering properties e.g. bearing capacity, compressibility, strength, and various other properties of soil. In this study the impact of Red Mud to improve the strength of soil. The soil was stabilized with Red Mud in stepped concentration of 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, 20% and 24% by dry weight of the soil individually. All stabilized soil samples were also cured for 96 hours for CBR test in fully saturated condition. The test results indicate that the addition of Red Mud enhances the percentage of grain size distribution, but with addition of Red Mud till 16% the LL, PL, PI and decreases, while these parameters further increases in this limit beyond i.e. 16% to 24% of Red Mud.

Soil stabilization improves various engineering properties e.g. bearing capacity, compressibility, strength, and various other properties of soil. In this study the impact of Red Mud to improve the strength of soil. The soil was stabilized with Red Mud in stepped concentration of 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, 20% and 24% by dry weight of the soil individually. All stabilized soil samples were also cured for 96 hours for CBR test in fully saturated condition. The test results indicate that the addition of Red Mud enhances the percentage of grain size distribution, but with addition of Red Mud till 16% the LL, PL,PI and decreases, while these parameters further increases in this limit beyond i.e. 16% to 24% of Red Mud.

Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete, which consists of cement, coarse aggregates, water and if required and other cementations materials. As there are no fine aggregates used in the concrete matrix, the void content is more which allows the water to flow through its body. So the pervious concrete is also called as Permeable concrete. The main aim of our project is to improve the strength characteristics of pervious concrete. But it can be noted that with increase in strength. Hence, the improvement of strength should not affect the strength property because it is the property which serves its purpose. In this investigation work the compressive strength of pervious concrete is increased by a maximum of 16.14% for 28 days when 8% fine aggregates were added to standard pervious concrete.

The main aim of our project is to improve the strength characteristics of pervious concrete. But it can be noted that with increase in strength. Hence, the improvement of strength should not affect the strength property because it is the property which serves its purpose. In this investigation work the compressive strength of pervious concrete is increased by a compressive strength of pervious concrete is increased by 13.92% for 28 days when 12% RHA was replaced in the place of cement s were added to standard pervious concrete Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete, which consists of cement, coarse aggregates, water and if required and other cementations materials. As there are no fine aggregates used in the concrete matrix, the void content is more which allows the water to flow through its body. So the pervious concrete is also called as Permeable concrete.

Concrete is robust in compression but weak in tension and brittle additionally. Cracks also begin forming as quickly because the concrete is located. These three drawbacks don’t allow the use ordinary concrete in pavements as they cause lack of ductility along with fracture and failure. These weaknesses in concrete may be mitigated by way of the usage of fibers as reinforcement in the concrete mix. Waste substances in the shape of polyethylene and tires purpose environmental pollution which leads to numerous fitness issues. Polyethylene and waste tires can be recycled and used efficiently in the concrete as reinforcement in the fiber form. Polyethylene is a synthetic hydrocarbon polymer that may improve the ductility, power, shrinkage traits and so on. This paper offers with the effects of addition of polyethylene fiber on the houses of concrete. Polyethylene and tire fibers have been cut into the dimensions of 30mm x 6mm and that they were used 1.5% every by using quantity. Grade of concrete used were M30, M35 and M40. IRC 44:2008 changed into observed for the layout of concrete blend. In this observe, the consequences of the Strength residences of Polyethylene fiber bolstered concrete had been supplied. 4 point bending take a look at and double shear test were accomplished in the laboratory for flexure and shear electricity determinations. There changed into visible an boom of 18% within the 28 day compressive power alongside an growth of 39% in flexure and 32% in shear power. 22% lower in 4 point bending check and 36% decrease in double shear test in deflection turned into found out from the experiments. Theoretical evaluation of deflection changed into performed by way of the assist of electricity strategies. Practical values were confirmed with the theoretical values inside the permissible limits. Finally it can be concluded that polyethylene and tire may be used successfully in strengthened cement concrete.

Recent development of tiny, low-power, low-cost, and multi-functional wireless sensor nodes has been accelerated by advances in manufacturing, electronics, communication, and miniaturization. In wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks, congestion control plays an important role in reliable transmission. Performance evaluation of transport layer protocols in cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) is useful to provide quality-of-service for real time reliable applications. In this paper we present the survey for reliable communication in the wireless sensor network.

Due to the open nature of wireless communication medium, wireless networks are susceptible to jamming attacks. Jammers interfere with the legitimate nodes by sending strong jamming signals. Legitimate nodes can successfully transmit only between the gaps of the jamming signals. It is therefore very important to detect a jamming attack as soon as it happens in order to effectively take counter measurements. This survey present the deep learning and other learning methods for the mitigating the various attacks in wireless sensor networks.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of small, low-powered sensor nodes that measure specific parameters of the environment (e.g. temperature, pressure, motion, etc.) and convert the measurement results in electrical signals. Depending on applications, WSNs may include up to hundreds of sensor nodes, which communicate with the external gateway either directly, or by multi-hop data transmission. Energy efficiency is one of the key requirements in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In order to optimize energy usage at sensor nodes, IN this paper we study the various challenges regarding quality of services in the wireless sensor network and discuss about the problem in the current scenario.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an important communication paradigm in modern-day mobile computing for exchanging live messages regarding traffic congestion, weather conditions, road conditions, and targeted location-based advertisements to improve the driving comfort. In such environments, security and intelligent decision making are two important challenges needed to be addressed. In this paper we present the cooperative communication between the nodes and reduce the collision or suspended nodes for the network, moreover also increase the successful ration for the vehicle node communication while the number of node increases and also increase the value of nodes reachability and decrease the value of delay in between nodes.

Feature based image fusion is new area of research in the field of image fusion. The image fusion used lower content of image feature. The lower content of image feature such as color texture and dimension. The texture features are very important component of image. the processing and extraction of texture feature used various transform function such as wavelet transform function Gabor transform function and many more signal based transform function. In the process of image fusion involve two and more image for the process of fusion. In this paper we present the survey for the various image fusion techniques and the quality of an image and image restoration.

The software defined wireless sensor networks model is a new networking paradigm that arises as a result of applying software defined network into wireless sensor network. The controller, as in other software defined network based systems, holds the intelligence of the entire network. The software defined networking (SDN) is a new emerging networking and computing paradigm earmarked as a potential resolve of most of the above-mentioned challenges. Software defined network advocates for a common standardized protocol to avoid the challenge of vendor locking. In this paper we discuss various issues and challenges regarding software-defined networking in wireless sensor networks and in future want to provide the solution for the mentioned challenges or issues.

Resource allocation in wireless mesh network is very critical task. For the allocation of resource such as channel used various scheduling technique such as centralized and distributed. In centralized technique the allocation of channel resource shares in single window process. For the improvement of the performance various authors used various optimization techniques such as evolutionary approach and other heuristic function. In this paper we used genetic algorithm for the selection of resource such as cannel in wireless network. By the genetic algorithm the selection of channel is very fair and improved the channel capacity, throughput, and packet delivery ratio.

In recent trends, the services based on the network and sharing the information through network has tremendous growth. Because of this, there may be chance for the existence of intrusions in the network. In order to harden the systems against intrusion, network security is the most important aspect. The traditional techniques are utilized for protecting the information in the network. Among these, intrusion detection system is the most significant methods. Even though, they had several advantages in detecting the intrusions. Still it has some issues such as inaccurate classification results, increased false alarm rate, etc. In this article we presents the comparative literature study including the various classification methods for the network based intrusion detection system.