Because of their smaller size, microstrip patch antennas are more often utilized in current communication equipment than traditional antennas. In order to design an effective, low profile, small, compatible, and affordable microstrip antenna, authors have used a survey of commonly used techniques and designs found in microstrip antenna papers. These techniques are primarily used to design reconfigurable, multiband, and wideband antennas. Following this, a starter patch design with dimensions is provided, along with the technique that will be used to analyses various antenna parameters.

A solar air heater (SAH) is an energy-efficient device designed to harness solar energy to heat air, which can then be used for a wide range of applications such as space heating, industrial processes, ventilation, and drying. Comparison of the experimental and predicted Values of Nusselt Number. It is found that the smooth plate data agree reasonably well with the values predicted. the value of convective heat transfer coefficient increase with the increasing Reynolds Number and increasing the value of roughness. Nusselt number increases with a rise in Reynolds number. The maximum Nusselt number is observed for the 60° double-inclined roughened plate with a 3.5 mm gap. The Nusselt number represents the ratio of conductive resistance to convective resistance in heat flow. As the Reynolds number increases, the boundary layer thickness decreases, leading to a reduction in convective resistance, which subsequently results in a higher Nusselt number. At low Reynolds numbers, the improvement in the Nusselt number compared to a smooth plate is relatively small. This can be attributed to the thicker laminar sublayer, where the flow is slowed down by the roughness elements. Furthermore, the figure demonstrates that the enhancement in heat transfer for roughened plates relative to smooth plates also increases with rising Reynolds numbers.