Digital watermarking has emerged as a powerful and versatile technique for safeguarding digital content through copy protection, copyright enforcement, medical applications, data authentication, fingerprinting, and more. This method involves the embedding of a specific information element, known as a watermark, within the original data, which can encompass various forms, including images, videos, audio, and text. The requirements of a watermarking system vary depending on the nature of the host media and its intended purpose. This research paper presents a comprehensive overview of digital watermarking, highlighting its fundamental characteristics, evaluation metrics, and current real-world applications. Furthermore, it conducts an extensive survey of existing literature on digital image watermarking, delving into optimization techniques. Finally, the paper offers a standardized framework for the design of watermarking methods that meet the essential design criteria for a wide range of applications.

The ultimate goal of image denoising from video is to improve the given image, which can reduce noise interference to ensure image quality. Image denoising is a problem of fundamental importance for enhancement of quality in image restoration and computer vision. Through denoising technology, image quality can have effectively optimized, signal-to-noise ratio can have increased, and the original image information can have better reflected. Image denoising is a vital preprocessing step for image based object detection, recognition, and tracking since high frequency image details are mixed with noise in most cases, most of the existing image denoising methods have difficult preserving the edge and texture information while thoroughly eliminating the noise. In this paper we review the different image denoising techniques.

Proper allocation of distributed generation (DG) units integrated with a distribution system plays a significant role in improving system performance. The voltage profile is one of the factors considered when determining the reliability and efficiency of power grid operation. This paper presents a methodology based on an analytical approach for optimally allocating (site and size) DG units in radial power distribution networks to minimize real power losses. The proposed method only requires the results of the base case load flow to determine the optimal size of DG units needed at each bus. To achieve this, suitable analytical expressions have been proposed to determine the optimal size of DG units that minimize the total real power loss in a given distribution network, along with their corresponding optimal locations. Results obtained by this proposed method validate the suitability and importance of appropriate DG allocation and the number of DG units in power distribution networks.

Childbirth is a critical event in the life of a woman. Respectful Maternity Care addresses the issue of disrespect and abuse toward women and new born, as well as provides a platform for improvement by: Raising awareness of women during pregnancy. Quantitative approach with Quasi Experimental one group, pre-test and post-test research design was conducted to assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding Respectful Maternity Care. The Study was conducted on 47 GNM 3rd year nursing students studying in Apollo school of nursing, New Delhi selected through purposive sampling technique. Findings reveal that calculated “z” value (1.27) is more than the table value (0.205) at 0.05 level of significance which indicates that the structured teaching programme on Respectful Maternity Care was effective in increases the knowledge of GNM 3rd year Nursing students. The study reveals that structured teaching programme play a crucial role and has a positive influence on Knowledge regarding RMC among Nursing students.

A hostel is a place where students stay for pursuing formal education away from their homes. hostel life is a combination of different cultural backgrounds, in the hostel life students learns to live with different cultural background people and it can impact individual personal habits in different ways. Quantitative approach with descriptive research design was conducted to assess impact of hostel stay on the individual’s personal habits among nursing students in selected nursing hostel. The Study was conducted on 134 GNM nursing students studying in Apollo school of nursing, New Delhi selected through total enumerative sampling technique. A structured opinionnaire was developed to collect the data and shared with student nurses in the form a Google form, link https://forms.gle/t8fqxyPVEiYWCmDg8. Findings reveal that majority of the students 88.81% had positive impact of hostel stay on the individual’s personal habits and the computed chi square value to establish the association between the impact scores and age (in years) (126.47), year of study (8.2) and previous exposure of hostel stay (3.5) were statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance for the degree of freedom three, two and one respectively. This shows that there is an association between the impact of hostel stay on the individual’s personal habit with their age (in years), year of study and previous exposure to hostel stay.