Digital watermarking has emerged as a powerful and versatile technique for safeguarding digital content through copy protection, copyright enforcement, medical applications, data authentication, fingerprinting, and more. This method involves the embedding of a specific information element, known as a watermark, within the original data, which can encompass various forms, including images, videos, audio, and text. The requirements of a watermarking system vary depending on the nature of the host media and its intended purpose. This research paper presents a comprehensive overview of digital watermarking, highlighting its fundamental characteristics, evaluation metrics, and current real-world applications. Furthermore, it conducts an extensive survey of existing literature on digital image watermarking, delving into optimization techniques. Finally, the paper offers a standardized framework for the design of watermarking methods that meet the essential design criteria for a wide range of applications.

The ultimate goal of image denoising from video is to improve the given image, which can reduce noise interference to ensure image quality. Image denoising is a problem of fundamental importance for enhancement of quality in image restoration and computer vision. Through denoising technology, image quality can have effectively optimized, signal-to-noise ratio can have increased, and the original image information can have better reflected. Image denoising is a vital preprocessing step for image based object detection, recognition, and tracking since high frequency image details are mixed with noise in most cases, most of the existing image denoising methods have difficult preserving the edge and texture information while thoroughly eliminating the noise. In this paper we review the different image denoising techniques.

Proper allocation of distributed generation (DG) units integrated with a distribution system plays a significant role in improving system performance. The voltage profile is one of the factors considered when determining the reliability and efficiency of power grid operation. This paper presents a methodology based on an analytical approach for optimally allocating (site and size) DG units in radial power distribution networks to minimize real power losses. The proposed method only requires the results of the base case load flow to determine the optimal size of DG units needed at each bus. To achieve this, suitable analytical expressions have been proposed to determine the optimal size of DG units that minimize the total real power loss in a given distribution network, along with their corresponding optimal locations. Results obtained by this proposed method validate the suitability and importance of appropriate DG allocation and the number of DG units in power distribution networks.

Childbirth is a critical event in the life of a woman. Respectful Maternity Care addresses the issue of disrespect and abuse toward women and new born, as well as provides a platform for improvement by: Raising awareness of women during pregnancy. Quantitative approach with Quasi Experimental one group, pre-test and post-test research design was conducted to assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding Respectful Maternity Care. The Study was conducted on 47 GNM 3rd year nursing students studying in Apollo school of nursing, New Delhi selected through purposive sampling technique. Findings reveal that calculated “z” value (1.27) is more than the table value (0.205) at 0.05 level of significance which indicates that the structured teaching programme on Respectful Maternity Care was effective in increases the knowledge of GNM 3rd year Nursing students. The study reveals that structured teaching programme play a crucial role and has a positive influence on Knowledge regarding RMC among Nursing students.

A hostel is a place where students stay for pursuing formal education away from their homes. hostel life is a combination of different cultural backgrounds, in the hostel life students learns to live with different cultural background people and it can impact individual personal habits in different ways. Quantitative approach with descriptive research design was conducted to assess impact of hostel stay on the individual’s personal habits among nursing students in selected nursing hostel. The Study was conducted on 134 GNM nursing students studying in Apollo school of nursing, New Delhi selected through total enumerative sampling technique. A structured opinionnaire was developed to collect the data and shared with student nurses in the form a Google form, link https://forms.gle/t8fqxyPVEiYWCmDg8. Findings reveal that majority of the students 88.81% had positive impact of hostel stay on the individual’s personal habits and the computed chi square value to establish the association between the impact scores and age (in years) (126.47), year of study (8.2) and previous exposure of hostel stay (3.5) were statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance for the degree of freedom three, two and one respectively. This shows that there is an association between the impact of hostel stay on the individual’s personal habit with their age (in years), year of study and previous exposure to hostel stay.

Due to enormous need by the public, water has to be stored and supplied according to their needs. Water demand is not constant throughout the day. It fluctuates hour to hour. In order to supply constant amount of water, we need to store water. So to meet the public water demand, water tanks need to be constructed. They are grave elements in municipal water supply, firefighting systems and in many industrial amenities for storage of water. Intze type tank is commonly used overhead water tank in India. These tanks are designed as per IS: 3370 i.e. Code of practice for concrete structures for storage of liquids. BIS implemented the revised version of IS 3370 (part 1& 2) after a long time from its 1965 version in year 2009. Presently large number of overhead water tanks is used to distribute the water for public utility. Most of the water tanks were designed as per old IS Code: 3370-1965 without considering earthquake forces. The objective of this dissertation is to shed light on the Intze water tank designed considering the earthquake forces according to Indian standard code: 3370-2009 and draft code 1893-Part 2, (2005) considering zone-II and III. Intze tank supported on frame staging. Also this report includes analysis by STAAD Pro for seismic forces .Finally the results are validated with the results of calculation from the present study. Before taking up the design, the designer should first decide the most suitable type of staging of tanks and correct estimation of loads including statically equilibrium of structure particularly in regards to overturning of overhanging members shall be made. The design should be based on the worst possible combination of loads, moments and shears arising from vertical loads and horizontal loads acting in any direction. In this research by performing the analysis of Intze tank, what is deflection shape due to hydrostatic pressure then stresses, etc. which are analyzed.

One of the most devastating forces on earth is known to be produced by earthquakes. It has been observed that numerous buildings fell during previous earthquakes. Realistic methods of analysis and design are therefore necessary. The current method for designing earthquake-resistant structures is called performance-based design. It is an effort to forecast how structures will behave in the case of a seismic event. In the current study, the seismic activity of a G+3 multi-story hospital structure located in a separate zone is studied. It entails calculating the load and total. Building seismic weight is determined in a distinct zone based on base shear. Designing with economy, grace, and sturdiness is the art and science of structural planning and analysis. To compete in the highly competitive market, structural designing demands a thorough structural study from which the planning is expected. The present study made an effort to attain this goal. The usage of software can.

Recent years have seen an increase in the number of researchers concerned with sentiment analysis, as textual data has proven useful for a variety of real-world applications and problems. Sentiment analysis is a technique of machine learning in which a machine is trained to evaluate the sentiments, emotions, etc. of multiple text statistics, such as movie reviews and product reviews. These reviews are steadily increasing in number, which necessitates the appearance of comments in character where reviews are required to be in the form of a transcript, yielding valuable data from the vast collection of reviews. It is extremely difficult to extract positive statistics from a lengthy article or to condense it. Text analysis determines the significance of syntaxes based on their grammatical properties. In this survey, we have endeavored to provide an overview of the current and historical research on sentiment analysis, as well as exemplary research questions and methodologies for future study.