Due to increasing non-linear loads various undesirable effects and power quality problems induced. The use of power converters, electronic equipments and other non-linear loads are rapidly increasing in industry and also by consumers, draw non-linear currents from the AC mains as compare to traditional loads such as motors and resistive heating elements. This leads to the distortion of power system voltage and other problems. This paper presents an auto tuned active power filter for harmonic minimization and reactive power compensation of non-linear load under fast load variation condition. Improving dynamic behavior of shunt active power filter fuzzy logic controller is used to tune PI controller coefficients and make it robust under random load variation.

This work deals with the design and implementation of a new charger for battery operated electric vehicle (BEV) with power factor improvement at the frontend. In the proposed configuration, the conventional diode converter at the source end of existing electric vehicle (EV) battery charger is eliminated with modified Landsman power factor correction (PFC) converter. The PFC converter is cascaded to a flyback isolated converter, which yields the EV battery control to charge it, first in constant current mode then switching to constant voltage modeIn the thesis a landman PFC converter is modelled with control on the output voltage through voltage-oriented control. The output form the landsman PFC converter is fed to isolated DC-DC converter for charging the battery. The output voltage of the PFC converter is controlled using PI controller to generate specific required DC voltage given as a reference by the user. The isolated DC-DC converter is controlled by current-oriented control with feedback from the battery terminal voltage and current. Even in the isolated DC-DC converter a PI controller is used to control the charging current of the battery. The PI controller is further replaced with DSM-PI controller for better response and settling of the output voltage of the PFC converter. A comparative analysis of the PFC converter characteristics with PI and DSM-PI controller are modelled in MATLAB Simulink environment.

This paper leads to the study of zeta converters and its future scope. Mainly it is analyzed for its induction into modular hybrid microgrid system. Here the main points of importance are design of zeta converters, its working, compatibility, feasibility etc. Apart from this our focus would be mainly on various research papers.

Approximate computing applied in software and hardware, has been considered as a new approach to saving area in terms as memory and power in terms as power consumption for circuit, as well as increasing performance. Multiplier is a key arithmetic circuit in many error-tolerant applications such as digital signal processing (DSP). In this paper we review the various scheme for multiplier with performed function such as addition, subtractions, and multiplications for the less power consumption and required less memory area.

This paper presents 1-bit hybrid full adder cells circuit scheme that high speed and low power consumption. This Full adder cells circuit is designed utilization of XOR gate, XNOR gate, pass logic gate and transmission gate. Result of simulation by HSPICE program based on 90 nm CMOS technology with 1.2V power supply voltage and maximum frequency at 1GHz.

In this paper a fuzzy structure sensor less vector controller of induction motor is proposed fed with PVA. The speed of the induction motor is estimated by speed estimator with three phase voltages and currents inputs. The induction motor is controlled by six switch inverter for which the pulses are generated by hysteresis current loop controller. The speed is estimated through estimated stator flux. The proposed system includes solar photovoltaic (PV) array, a threephase voltage source inverter (VSI) and a motor-pump assembly. An incremental conductance (InC) based MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm is used to harness maximum power from a PV array. The controller includes speed regulator with PI controller which is later replaced with fuzzy logic controller with 49 rule base. The speed of the induction motor is more stable with reduced peak value and settling time when operated with fuzzy logic controller. The Model is developed using MATLAB Simulink software with results generated by power gui tool.

Image compression is one of the most widespread techniques for applications that require storage of various types of images and transmission in database. Digital images are large in size and occupy large space. Image compression is the solution associate with transmission and storage of large amount of information for digital images. Image compression reduces the data from the image in either lossless or lossy way. In past years, a variety of compression techniques are reported by many researchers for the effective compression of general images and information. In this work, we presented a review of these compression techniques with the classification of these techniques, their performance parameters and their advantages in the field of the image compression.

There is growing interest in the construction of concrete pavements, due to its high strength, durability, better service ability and overall economy in the long run. The thrust nowadays is to produce thinner and green pavement sections of better quality, which can carry the heavy loads. The high strength is a concrete having strength, made of hydraulic cements and containing fine and coarse aggregates; the present study aims at, developing pavement quality concrete mixtures incorporating sugar cane bagasse ash and rice husk ash partial replacement of cement. The aim is to the design of slab thickness of PQC pavement using the achieved flexural strength of the concrete mixtures. In this study, flexural strength for pavement quality concrete mixtures for different percentage replacement of cement are reported. It is found that it is possible to achieve savings in cement by replacing it with sugar cane bagasse ash and rice husk ash. This study also shows that in view of the high flexural strength, high values of strength the 20% replacement of cement with sugar cane bagasse ash is ideal for design of Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC).

In the present scenario where the constructions are increasing, the need to find a supplementary cementing material for the improvement of strength and which has less environmental effects is of great significance. Ureolytic bacteria are the ones which can improve the strength of cement mortar by the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the presence of urea and a calcium source. In the present study Bacillus sphaericus is used to check its applicability in this regard. Various tests like consistency and initial setting time are done to find out the effect of bacterial solution on cement. Tests such as compression strength are used in the present study to identify the variation in the mechanical properties of cement concrete. To know the mineralogy and morphology of the calcium carbonate precipitated by the bacteria in compressive strength analysis are carried out It was observed that for M35 grade of bio concrete the compressive strength was nearly 14.86% more than that of conventional concrete after 3 days, nearly 25.87% after 7 days, nearly 26.32% after 14 days and 30.01% after 28 days of curing. So a maximum of 30.01% increase of compressive strength of bio-concrete was observed than that of conventional concrete.

A portion of the waste items which have pozzolanic properties and which have been considered for use in mixed bonds incorporate wood fiery debris, fly powder, Silica smolder , Volcanic cinder, copper slag, quarry dust, Rice husk cinder . It is a waste material coming about because of the mechanical processing or preparing of timber into different shapes and sizes. The issues of profitability, economy, quality and condition, they need to rival other development materials. In this investigation three sorts of squanders materials (wood ash, sugar cane bagase ash and rice husk ash) and ordinary aggregate were utilized for preparing cube specimens. There are M25 grade of blended extent are use. Squander materials are use in concrete with the substitution bond of 4%, 8%, 12% and 16%. These beams, cylinder and cube are tries on 7, 14, and 28 days. The, flexural quality, and tensile strength are determined with the help of UTM and CTM machine.

Due to growing environmental awareness and stern regulations on managing industrial waste, the world is increasingly turning to researching properties of industrial wastes and finding solutions on using their valuable component parts so that those might be used as secondary raw material for other industrial applications. Silica fume is the bi- product of the ferrosilicon alloy production and Fly ash is by-product of coal thermal power plants. To date, these by-products are being used in other industrial branches and in the field of civil constructions, such as in cement manufacturing along with clinker and in masonry work for civil works. Considering the specificity of physical and chemical properties of fly ash and silica fume and a series of possibilities for their use in concrete, this research work demonstrates the possibilities of using fly ash and silica fume together as partial replacements of cement in concrete. It has been observed from the 28 days tests of compressive strength of concrete that compressive strength in fly ash modify concrete 20FA has maximum strength. In silica fume modify concrete 10SF has maximum strength value. While the combination of fly ash and silica fume 20FA10SF has maximum strength value. As the percentage of fly ash increases in the mix when compared with controlled concrete it increase up to 20% and then decreases. The compressive strength analysis carried out in this work gives a deeper insight into the cementitious properties and pozzolanic behavior of such by-products when used for construction purposes. The results show that the strength properties of concrete vary significantly when cement is partially replaced by silica fume and Fly ash.

The growing amount of vehicles on roadway is the key motivating the establishing of the road safety with comfort and undisturbed traffic flowing. Vehicular ad-hoc network is a trending wireless methodology that enables an unwired connection between the automobiles to have a highly secured driving with comfort. In this study we provide a survey for vehicular ad-hoc network, with including types of communication, routing protocols etc. and also provide directions for future research and development.

The unavailability of spaces in the urban areas for the constructions due to increase in demand created vertical development of the structure, which includes low rise, medium rise and tall buildings. In order to develop these structure framed structure are used. They are subjected to both horizontal and vertical loads but longitudinal loads not playing important roles in designing and analysis of these structures. Due to increase in height and the loading intensity the designed structural requirement of conventional slabs changes. It includes increase in size of beams and column, increase in thickness of slab, increase in more rigidity of the joints. This led to undesired increase in lateral stiffness which hinders the performance of these slabs in seismic zones led to brittle failure and cracking. To overcome this problem flat slabs structures are used in which beams are not present. The flat slab structures have very low lateral stiffness which compromises the safety of the structure in seismic zones. These structures require addition structural elements to support lateral resistance such as infill walls, shear wallsetc. In the present study an attempt is made to analyze and study the various multi- storied reinforced concrete flat slab building frames with several percentage of infill wall considering the lateral resistance of flat slabs by evaluating parameters, subjected to seismic loading. A number of flat slab building frames are analyzed by varying the percentage of infill wall (0%, 50%, 80% and 100%) to evaluate parameters affected by the addition of infill wall in the flat slab. The results obtained by analysis are used to study and compare the effects of variable percentages of infill wall on the lateral resistance of flat slabs by varying storey height. The several parameters are compared for the lateral resistance assessment of flat slabs. The effect of masonry infill wall on flat slab frame in studied in terms of several parameters for the lateral resistance of the flat slab under seismic actions.

Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) is the name given to concrete where the binder is entirely replaced by an inorganic polymer formed between a strong alkaline solution and an aluminosilicate source. The source material such as fly ash that are rich in silicon (Si) and aluminium (Al) are activated by alkaline liquid to produce the binder. On the other hand the abundant availability of fly ash worldwide creates opportunity to utilize as substitute for OPC to manufacture concrete. This research report presents the study on the development of strength for various grades of geopolymer concrete for different curing conditions (ambient and oven curing). Trial mix was chosen for low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete using mix design reported in the research. The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution was varied as 8 Molar, 10 Molar, 12 Molar and 14 Molar. The alkaline solution used in the study is a combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution with the ratio of 2.5. The 28th day compressive strength of the concrete for the mix GP1, GP2, GP3 and GP4 was observed to be in the range of 29.12 MPa to 36.24 MPa for specimen cured at room temperature, whereas the strength varied between 32.11 MPa to 37.12 MPa for specimen cured at 60oC. Study on water absorption was also carried out for geopolymer specimens. The percentage of water absorption varied in the range 2% to 4.33% and 1.33% to 3.42% for specimen cured at room temperature and at 60oC. The percentage of water absorption is found to be less in case of specimen cured at 60oC temperature than specimen cured at room temperature.

In the present work RCA is used as a replacement of natural aggregate in manufacturing of concrete. This report aims to find the possibility of the usage of recycled coarse aggregate mixed with natural aggregates, based on better understanding of behavior of recycled aggregate in concrete structures experiments on fresh and hardened concrete based on different days of curing. The literature review provides an overview of sustainability and key performance indicators, the material properties of RCA both as an aggregate and in concrete, concrete mixture and proportioning designs with RCA, performance of existing RCA pavements, and the implementation of RCA highlighting some examples where RCA has been used successfully. Use of recycled aggregate (RA) in concrete can be useful for environmental protection and economical terms. Recycled aggregates are the materials for the future. It is well known fact that it is giving little lower strength than natural aggregate concrete. Though, if it is used up to 15% of replacement by weight, than it can give almost similar strength to that of natural aggregate concrete and around 45% of replacement by weight with some admixture also give satisfactory result. As test is also conducted for 30%, 60% and 100% replacement by weight, where result not up to mark of desire strength. Hence it was necessary to improve strength of recycled aggregate concrete for higher recycled aggregate content.

The Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global public health issue with a growing incidence, pervasiveness, and high cost. To turn into more focus on real insinuation of CKD and health issues coupled with CKD patients, application of Machine Learning (ML) models becomes necessary. The chief objective of this research work is to evolve a better ML classifier framework for predicting possibility of CKD and its progression in patients with health issues like diabetes and hypertension. The early diagnosis can prevent disease progression and severity through suitable preventive measures and thus reduces treatment cost. In this work, framework for CKD risk prediction is proposed which is based on ranking of features done using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) method. The proposed framework employs RFE for eliminating the unrelated features from huge dataset of patients. The elimination of irrelevant features reduces the data to be considered and speeds up the execution of ML algorithms. The classifier is built using CKD data provided on UCI repository. The model is built using Python based ML libraries. The RFE method increases the performance of classifier based on Logistic Regression (LR). The proposed predictive framework achieved highest prediction accuracy. The framework also generates and alert for patient at risk and can also be tested to predict risk on any new patient. The framework is implemented using Python ML and data processing and manipulation libraries: Scikit-learn, Numpy and Pandas on Anaconda Navigator IDE. This work presents a positive attempt to predict the risk of a chronic disease. Also, a study is done to know how attribute selection techniques affect the classification accuracy. To evaluate the efficacy of proposed system, three most popular and effective metrics for healthcare data are considered. The metrics are: Accuracy, Precision and F1-Score.

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) play a significant role in the construction of campus, resident, battlefield and search/rescue region. MANET is an appropriate network for supporting a communication where is no permanent infrastructure. MANET is an effective network that uses to establishing urgent communication between rescue members in critical situations like, disaster or natural calamities. The sending and receiving data in MANET is depending on the routing protocols to adapt the dynamic topology and maintain the routing information.

Concrete is robust in compression but weak in tension and brittle additionally. Cracks also begin forming as quickly because the concrete is located. These three drawbacks don’t allow the use ordinary concrete in pavements as they cause lack of ductility along with fracture and failure. These weaknesses in concrete may be mitigated by way of the usage of fibers as reinforcement in the concrete mix. Waste substances in the shape of polyethylene and tires purpose environmental pollution which leads to numerous fitness issues. Polyethylene and waste tires can be recycled and used efficiently in the concrete as reinforcement in the fiber form. Polyethylene is a synthetic hydrocarbon polymer that may improve the ductility, power, shrinkage traits and so on. This paper offers with the effects of addition of polyethylene fiber on the houses of concrete. Polyethylene and tire fibers have been cut into the dimensions of 30mm x 6mm and that they were used 1.5% every by using quantity. Grade of concrete used were M30, M35 and M40. IRC 44:2008 changed into observed for the layout of concrete blend. In this observe, the consequences of the Strength residences of Polyethylene fiber bolstered concrete had been supplied. 4 point bending take a look at and double shear test were accomplished in the laboratory for flexure and shear electricity determinations. There changed into visible an boom of 18% within the 28 day compressive power alongside an growth of 39% in flexure and 32% in shear power. 22% lower in 4 point bending check and 36% decrease in double shear test in deflection turned into found out from the experiments. Theoretical evaluation of deflection changed into performed by way of the assist of electricity strategies. Practical values were confirmed with the theoretical values inside the permissible limits. Finally it can be concluded that polyethylene and tire may be used successfully in strengthened cement concrete.

There is lot of research work is going in the field of pervious concrete. The compressive strength of pervious concrete is less when compared to the conventional concrete due to its porosity and voids. Hence, the usage of pervious concrete is limited even though it has lot of advantages. If the compressive strength of pervious concrete is increase, then it can be used for more number of applications RHA, SCBA and nylon fiber and pervious concrete with RHA, SCBA and polypropylene fiber. For now, the usage of pervious concrete is mostly limited to light traffic roads only. If the properties are improved, then it can also be used for medium and heavy traffic rigid pavements also. Along with that, the pervious concrete eliminates surface runoff of storm water, facilitates the ground water recharge and makes the effective usage of available land. This project was to improve the compressive strength characteristics of pervious concrete. But it can be noted that with increase in compressive strength the void ratio decreases. Hence, the improvement of strength should not affect the porosity property because it is the property which serves its purpose. In this investigation work the compressive strength of pervious concrete is increase by a maximum % age of RHA, SCBA and nylon fibre and pervious concrete with RHA, SCBA and polypropylene fibre. Were added to standard pervious concrete. When we used the 6 % RHA and 6 % SCBA with nylon fibre and polypropylene fibre in pervious concrete in various proportion of 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25% and 0.3% of the weight of concrete, the result obtained by the compressive strength of nylon fibre with 6 % RHA and 6 % SCBA and polypropylene fibre 6 % RHA and 6 % SCBA is up-to 0.2 % of used result get increased.Comparative research in nylon fibre with 6 % RHA and 6 % SCBA and polypropylene fibre with 6 % RHA and 6 % SCBA used in pervious concrete, the result of polypropylene fibre with 6 % RHA and 6 % SCBA is more.

This study presents the use of waste polythene derived as carry bags from kitchen waste and pond liner polyethelene as LDPE and bottle caps as HDPE as an additive in flexible pavements. In this study we will also add a fix percentage of zykotherm. Reasons for utilizing above materials are to use earth inadmissible waste material and to build up a superior material blend to oppose expanded traffic burden and temperature impact coming about breaks in the asphalt surface. In the proposed examination the plastic waste will be cleaned and cut into a size with the end goal that it goes through 2-3mm strainer utilizing destroying machine. In this examination Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) blend will be proposed to get ready by utilizing plain bitumen as a control example and bitumen blended in with LDPE 2% and 4% and HDPE 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) as by weight, with fixed level of Zykotherm as 1.5% by weight.Bitumen content is 4.5% by weight for all example. The Marshall Stability test, Penetration Test, and mellowing point test, were led on control and altered DBM blends.

The paver blocks are manufactured from zero slump plain concrete is a small element used for outdoor applications and flexible road surfaces. Depending upon the traffic intensity these are fabricated with various thicknesses, dimensions and shapes to meet with the requirement of variousapplications.In the present study M30 grade paver blocks with thickness 60mm and 80mm with replacement of OPC by 30% fly ash and addition of polypropylene fibre @ 0.0% to 0.5% with increment of 0.1% by weight of cement have been manufactured to access the suitability for Indian road surfaces for different applications. The blocks have been tested at the age 7 and 28 days for strength and durability criteria. For strength properties compressive strength and flexural strength test were conducted, both being important for applications for road surfacing. The result of compressive strength and flexural strength indicates that it is feasible to use OPC replaced by 30% fly ash and addition of 0.3% PPF in manufacturing of paver blocks. Paver blocks have attained target compressive strength and flexural strength at 28 days in all the grades. The present study is important for paver block manufacturers as it meets the objectives such as mix design, strength and durability requirements for Indian roads associated with utilization of waste material fly ash. Also, the study will help the nation economy for 20% level in future, along with sustainability of virgin materials.

The location-aided routing (LAR) is a steering convention that limits the traffic and excess expense of finding the course for the longing versatile hub by getting area utilizing the Global Positioning System (GPS). Alongside this battery power utilization with any hub on the sensor network is likewise a significant issue. Higher utilization diminished the lifetime of the organization. In the LAR convention, an extremely enormous zone is pausing and proceeding to flood, bringing about an unwanted misuse of assets. The steering convention helped position (EE-LR) is utilized to choose the powerful hub of the switch chose by the AODV convention to diminish the retransmission because of parcel misfortune because of the arrival of the chose hub in the manner. In the proposed framework, vitality subordinate hubs improve network security abilities, just as the AODV code directing capacity dependent on the LAR convention based cycle. The primary reason for the proposed framework is to improve the utilization of vitality in the organization

Clustering is a popular data mining technique which can be applied to a given data set to identify the data objects that belong to a single class, such that data objects in different clusters are distinct while similarity exists for data objects belonging to the same cluster. Usually, clustering techniques are based on optimizing single objective function criteria, which may not be capable of performing well in many real time scenarios. Motivated by this many multi-objective based optimization techniques are discussed in this paper. Multi-objective based optimization techniques are capable of optimizing several conflicting objective functions simultaneously. Under this context, evolutionary based approach and simulated annealing based techniques are adopted in various MOO techniques and proven well in case of noise, non-spherical and high dimensional feature space. The paper further discusses various validity measures to evaluate the goodness of clustering techniques.